Debian 服务器配置笔记

APT 源替换

# debian 11 替换 apt 源
echo "deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib" > /etc/apt/sources.list

# debian 12 使用 http 是防止缺少库无法更新，可以安装对应库后改为 https
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib" > /etc/apt/sources.list


# 一键安装 Docker
curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh

配置 SSH 免密登录

vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
PermitRootLogin without-password # 允许 root 登录（非密码登录） 默认不用改
PubkeyAuthentication # 密钥登录
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys # 公钥文件
systemctl restart ssh

安装 Transmission Docker 版本 + Transmission Web Controller

docker run -d \
  --name=transmission \
  -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai \
  -e TRANSMISSION_WEB_HOME="/config/web" \ # 这里是虚拟机内地址，并且需要web
  -e USER="user" \  # 记得改
  -e PASS="pass" \  # 记得改
  -p 39091:9091 \
  -p 51413:51413 \
  -p 51413:51413/udp \
  -v ./transmission/downloads:/downloads \
  -v ./transmission/config:/config \
  -v ./transmission/watch/folder:/watch \
  --restart unless-stopped \
  linuxserver/transmission:latest

# 下载 twc 这里先到指定的安装目录
wget https://github.com/ronggang/transmission-web-control/raw/master/release/install-tr-control-cn.sh
bash install-tr-control-cn.sh
# 先选择 6 设置安装位置：./config，注意该目录下必须存在 web 目录，然后选择 1 安装即可

SSH 密钥使用 Git

上传密钥到 /root/.ssh/ 目录下，并执行 chmod 600 ~/.ssh/id_rsa ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 修改权限

Docker 一键安装

# Alist
docker run -d --restart=always -v ./alist:/opt/alist/data -v /disk:/disk -p 35244:5244 -e PUID=0 -e PGID=0 -e UMASK=022 --name="alist" xhofe/alist:latest

# Portainer 中文版 还有个 -v xxx:/data 没导出
docker run -d --name portainer -p 9000:9000 --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock 6053537/portainer-ce

Docker 容器时区设置

FROM alpine:latest

# 安装 tzdata 并保留
RUN apk update && apk add --no-cache tzdata

# 设置时区环境变量
ENV TZ=Asia/Shanghai

对于已运行的容器，也可以通过 -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai 环境变量设置时区。

常见问题

init 3 后只有光标

进入 init 3 多用户命令行模式后，屏幕只显示光标无法操作。

按 Ctrl+Alt+F2/F3/F4 切换到其他 TTY 即可进入终端。